Mythological Writing

a) how the universe, the earth, and life began  The universe
b) explains the workings of the natural world,
c) supports and validates your social customs and values.

During the famous supernova that everyone knows as the "big bang", four elements were forced into space, and one planet, the earth consisted of all four. Fire, wind, bits of meteors, and water, all molded together to form the earth. The fire was from the sun, the wind was from the initial blast, the bits of meteor from the moon, and the water was from other exploding stars that touched wind. Along with the elements, humans and animals were created along with elements that made up water and other many things.

Once everything was formed life also sprouted out of the ground. A type of monkey was created from underwater seeds that took millions of years to grow. Once the animal was of age, it would tear itself from the vine it grew on and crawl along the ground. Each one was different, but under the vine which it grew, a different replica of itself grew. However, Some would grow in the core of the earth where all the fire was compacted. The heat made the animals uncomfortable, and angry.

The animals continued evolving until eventually, they reached the final stage. The animals then became known as humans. The humans' twins would still grow on the other side near the core of the earth. If they would get too angry with the heat, they would tear through the ground and shove their twin under, this is where the evil humans spawned from. The evil humans would do terrible things like kill and steal from the good humans. Although the good humans did not approve of the evil ones, they still understood that the balance was needed, because without the evil ones, they could extinct their own race or murder innocents.

Although, the evil humans and good humans did not get along with one another, they knew that they were needed on the planet to keep one another balanced. They needed balance because without evil, nothing would die which would cause overpopulation, and without good, nothing would live.

The World on the Turtle's Back Questions

4.) It is similar to Adam and Eve because there are two characters who want something different.
5.) Although the story says that the right-handed twin did as he should, and the left-handed twin is always angry, neither of them is ever depicted as good or evil. This shows that their different personalities is not frowned upon by the Iriquois, but the balance of them is welcomed.
6.) Iriquois people viewed nature as good and needing of balance. They viewed their gods as not evil or good but simply there to balance the creations of the other. They played lacrosse, and important crops were corn, beans, squash, and tobacco. In daytime, they have rituals that honor the right-handed twin. Through the daytime rituals, they thank the Master of Life, and at Night they dance and sing for the left-handed twin.
7.) Yes, i believe it reminds Native American people that they are here because the right-handed twin created them as balance on the Earth, and they should continue to plant crops .

English Literature Outline

English Notes on An Emerging Nation

I. The Meeting of Two Worlds

a. Europeans had no idea people had been living there for thousands of years

b. William Wood noted that the Native Americans believed the first ship the saw was a walking island.

            c. William Bradford explained North America as a harsh wilderness filled with beasts and wild men.

II. From colony to country

            a. First colony is Jamestown in 1607
            b. Many colonies by 1733

            c. Britain sent soldiers to fight the French Indian War

            b. Because the colonists had no representation in British parliament, they felt it was unfair to have to pay taxes.

III. Cultural Influences

a.     Puritan Beliefs

b.     Colonists believed God was helping the settlements thrive

IV. Ideas of the Age

a.     People began thinking more freely during The Enlightenment

1.     The Enlightenment lead to people thinking that a new system of government would be more effective

2.     Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine, and Tomas Jefferson shaped the American Enlightenment.

b. The Great Awakening

1. United colonists via preachers like Jonathan Edwards

                        2. These ideas both caused people to question authority in general that would later lead to a revolution

V. The Native American Experience

            a. Native American cultures had no writing but spoke about 200 different languages

            b. Stories and myths were passed down by memory

VI. Exploration and the Early Settlers

1.     The Explorers

a.     Columbus recounted had four voyages to the Americas in 1492

b.     Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca chronicled his eight years wandering through Florida and Texas

c.      Samuel de Champlain was sent by the French and Dutch

2.     Early Settlers

a.     English people recorded their events in reports chronicles and journeys, such as Thomas Harriot who gave elaborate details describing North America’s landscape and animals

3.     Colonial Histories

a.     Captain John Smith sometimes wrote as well and his vivid writing created an enduring record of life in the colonies

b.     William Bradford, governor of Plymouth and John Winthrop Senior, governor of Massachusetts believed America to be god’s plan for a better society.

c.      Olaudah Equiano described his wrongful treatment and capture from his African home that he received as a slave in the West Indies

VII. The Puritan Tradition

1.     Writing was valued by Puritans

2.     Sermons and Other Writings

a.     Cotton Mather and Jonathan Edwards both included histories of the colonies in their works of literature

b.     They strongly believed that people would pay for their wrongdoings by serving eternity in hell.

3.     Puritan Poetry

a.     Anne Badstreet and Edward Taylor viewed poetry as a way of exploring the relationship between oneself and god.

VIII. Writers of the Revolution

1.     The focus on writing was either on political issues or religion for many historic American writers

2.     Pamphlets and Propaganda

a. Between 1763 and 1783 about 2000 pamphlets were published

            3. Writing that launched a Nation

                        a. Thomas Jefferson wrote pamphlets

                        b. Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, and George Washington helped write the constitution

            4. Voices of the People

                        a. Phillis Wheatley wrote of natural rights of African-Americans and pointed out the discrepancy between colonists

                        b. Abigail Adams, John Madison’s eventual wife, also called for rights of citizens

Hills Like White Elephants Script Emotion and Subtext

"What should we drink?" Tone: Inquisitive, Subtext: She wants them both to get drunk to avoid the situation
 the girl asked. She had taken off her hat and put it on the table.
     M: "It's pretty hot," The the man said. Tone: Apathetic, Emotion:
     F:"Let's drink beer." Tone: Contemptous; Subtext: she wants to avoid the situation
     M: "Dos cervezas," Tone: Apathetic; Subtext: The man wants two beers; one for each of them
     Waitress: "Big ones?"
     M: "Yes. Two big ones." Subtext: He wants them to get really drunk
  
     F: "They look like white elephants," she said. Tone: Awe; Subtext: She's suggesting that her baby is a burden but precious
     M: "I've never seen one," the man drank his beer. Tone: Callous; Subtext: I don't care
     F: "No, you wouldn't have." Tone: 
     M: "I might have," the man said. Subtext: He's touchy due to their issue they both are hesitant to discuss.
     Tone: Objective; Subtext: Just because you think something didn't happen doesn't mean it didn't.
     "They've painted something on it," she said." Tone: Reluctant Subtext: Changing the subject 

    What does it say?" Emotion: Curious
     M: "Anis del Toro. It's a drink." Emotion: Subtext: He is familiar with alcohol
     F: "Could we try it?" Subtext: She wants to try new things
     The man called "Listen" through the curtain. The woman came out from the bar.
     Waitress: "Four reales." 
     M: "We want two Anis del Toro." Tone: Informative; Subtext: We want to beers
     Waitress: "With water?"
     M: "Do you want it with water?" Tone: Questioning Subtext: Her opinion still matters to him
     F: "I don't know," the girl said. "Is it good with water?" Tone: Questioning; Subtext: His Opinion still matters to her as well
     M: "It's all right."
     Bartender Lady: "You want them with water?" asked the woman.
     M: "Yes, with water."
     F: "It tastes like licorice," the girl said and put the glass down. Tone: Dull; Subtext: She doesn't like the drink
     M: "That's the way with everything." Tone: Derisive; Subtext: Everything isn't as good as once sought
     F: "Yes," said the girl. "Everything tastes of licorice. Especially all the things you've waited so long for, like absinthe." Tone: Critical; Subtext: She has always wanted to have a relationship but cannot because of what the man wants
     M: "Oh, cut it out." Tone: Objective; Subtext: Stop being so negative
     F: "You started it," the girl said. "I was being amused. I was having a fine time." Tone: Defending Subtext: He started the argument that she sought to avoid
     M: "Well, let's try and have a fine time." Tone: Optimistic; Subtext: Let's try to forget about the conversation
     F: "All right. I was trying. I said the mountains looked like white elephants. Wasn't that bright?" Tone: Sanguineous; Subtext: Wasn't it clever what I did?
     M: "That was bright." Tone: Non-Attentative Subtext: that was smart
     F: "I wanted to try this new drink. That's all we do, isn't it--look at things and try new drinks?" Tone: Suggestive; Subtext: All we ever do is the same thing over and over
     M: "I guess so." Subtext: I'm listening but I'm not paying full attention
     F: "They're lovely hills," she said. "They don't really look like white elephants. I just meant the coloring of their skin through the trees." Tone: I like them; Subtext: The baby is a gift even though the man feels as if it were a burden.
     M: "Should we have another drink?" Tone: Hoping Subtext: Let's get drunk to help us get through this conversation
     F: "All right." Tone: Agreeing
     The warm wind blew the bead curtainagainst the table.
     M: "The beer's nice and cool," the man said.
     F: "It's lovely," the girl said. Tone: Satisfied Subtext: She likes it
     M: "It's really an awfully simple operation, Jig," the man said. "It's not really an operation at all." Tone: Calm Subtext: Get an abortion
The girl looked at the ground the table legs rested on.
     M: "I know you wouldn't mind it, Jig. It's really not anything. It's just to let the air in." Subtext: It's totally normal
     The girl did not say anything
     M: "I'll go with you and I'll stay with you all the time. They just let the air in and then it's all perfectly natural." 
     F: "Then what will we do afterward?" Tone: curious Subtext: What happens after that?
     M: "We'll be fine afterward. Just like we were before."Tone: Informative; Subtext: Nothing will change
     F: "What makes you think so?" Subtext: You don't know that nothing will change.
     M: "That's the only thing that bothers us. It's the only thing that's made us unhappy." Tone: Objective Subtext:We should fix this problem we've been having
     F: "And you think then we'll be all right and be happy." Subtext: So everything will be as good as it once was?
     M: "I know we will. You don't have to be afraid. I've known lots of people that have done it." Tone: Recommending Subtext: Other people have done it so you should too
     F: "So have I," said the girl. "And afterward they were all so happy." Tone: Objective Subtext: You really think people were happy after something like that?
     M: "Well," the man said, "if you don't want to you don't have to. I wouldn't have you do it if you didn't want to. But I know it's perfectly simple." Tone: Persuading Subtext: I don't want you to do it if it makes you uncomfortable but I do want you to do it.
     F: "And you really want to?" Subtext: You want me to.
     M: "I think it's the best thing to do. But I don't want you to do it if you don't really want to." Subtext: You should do it for me.
     F: "And if I do it you'll be happy and things will be like they were and you'll love me?" Subtext: Everything will be normal again?
     M: "I love you now. You know I love you."
     F: "I know. But if I do it, then it will be nice again if I say things are like white elephants, and you'll like it?" Subtext: If I go through with this, we can be who we used to be?
     M: "I'll love it. I love it now but I just can't think about it. You know how I get when I worry." Subtext: I''m worried
     F: "If I do it you won't ever worry?"
     M: "I won't worry about that because it's perfectly simple." Subtext: It's simple.
     F: "Then I'll do it. Because I don't care about me." Tone: Sarcastic, Subtext: I only want what will make you happy
     M: "What do you mean?" Tone: Snarky Subtext: What are you talking about
     F: "I don't care about me." Subtext: You don't care about me
     M: "Well, I care about you." Subtext: It does matter to me
     F: "Oh, yes. But I don't care about me. And I'll do it and then everything will be fine." Subtext: Everything will return to the way it once was.
     M: "I don't want you to do it if you feel that way." Subtext: I do want you to do it for me but I don't if it makes you uncomfortable.
     F: "And we could have all this," she said. "And we could have everything and every day we make it more impossible." Tone: Distraught; Subtext: We could have all of this beauty if we were to let the baby be born.
     M: "What did you say?" Tone: Pessimistic;
     F: "I said we could have everything."Tone: Optimistic; Subtext: This side WITH LIFE is so much more beautiful than the barren mountains that holds none.
     M: "We can have everything." Tone: unquestionable; Subtext: We can too have what we want.
     F: "No, we can't." Tone: Objective; Subtext: Not what both of us want.
     M: "We can have the whole world." Subtext: Together we can have what I want.
     F: "No, we can't." Subtext: I don't want what you want
     M: "We can go everywhere." Tone: Critical
     F: "No, we can't. It isn't ours any more." Subtext: We can't do that with a baby.
     M: "It's ours." Subtext: But it can be.
     F: "No, it isn't. And once they take it away, you never get it back." Subtext: Once the baby is gone, it's gone.
     M: "But they haven't taken it away." Subtext: We still have the world.
     F: "We'll wait and see." Subtext: You obviously don't understand.
     M:"Come on back in the shade," he said. "You mustn't feel that way."Tone: Changing the Subject; Subtext: You seem sickly.
     F:"I don't feel any way," the girl said. "I just know things." Tone: Unwilling; Subtext: I feel fine and I know that I will keep the child.
     M: "I don't want you to do anything that you don't want to do "
     F: "Nor that isn't good for me," she said. "I know. Could we have another beer?" Subtext: Let's get more drunk.
     M: "All right. But you've got to realize" Tone: Hesitant; Subtext: It's not healthy.
     F: "I realize," the girl said. "Can't we maybe stop talking?" Tone: Upset; Subtext: Let's not have this conversation.
    M:"You've got to realize," he said, "that I don't want you to do it if you don't want to. I'm perfectly willing to go through with it if it means anything to you." Subtext: We can keep it if you really want it.
     F: "Doesn't it mean anything to you? We could get along." Subtext: We could live a happy life together along with the child.
     M: "Of course it does. But I don't want anybody but you. I don't want any one else. And I know it's perfectly simple." Subtext: Do it for me and we can still be together.
     M:: "Yes, you know it's perfectly simple."
     "It's all right for you to say that, but I do know it."
     F: "Would you do something for me now?' Tone: Frustrated
     M: "I'd do anything for you.'Tone: Pleasing
     F: "Would you please please please please please please please Stop talking." Tone: Angry; Subtext: Shut up.

     M: "But I don't want you to," he said, "I don't care anything about it."
     F: "I'll scream," the girl said." Tone: Annoyed; Subtext: If you don't quit talking I am going to scream. 

     Bartender Lady: "The train comes in five minutes," she said.
     F: "What did she say?" Tone: Asking; Subtext: Even though I don't want to do what you want, I rely on you.
     M:"That the train is coming in five minutes."
 
     M: "I'd better take the bags over to the other side of the station," the man said. She smiled at him.
     F: "All right. Then come back and we'll finish the beer." Tone: Agreeing; Subtext: We'll get drunk(er) when you come back.
     M: "Do you feel better?" he asked.
     F: "I feel fine," she said. "There's nothing wrong with me. I feel fine." Tone: Decisive; Nothing at all is wrong, I will do what I choose to.

Hills Like White Elephants

I believe that the couple has a hefty issue that they should resolve. Let the baby live and hire a sitter, or kill it so they don't have to hire one, is the way I see it. I don't very much like the man because he is trying to force his wife into it, and she is obviously reluctant about it. I feel that the situation is much less complicated than they are making it, solely due to the man's stubbornness.